The symmetrical bipolar configuration shows a great advantage in modular multilevel converter (MMC) based high-voltage dc-current (HVDC) transmission.In a bipolar MMC-HVDC system, station internal ac grounding faults cause sub-module (SM) capacitors to discharge violently.These faults do great harm to MMCs and require special protection schemes.In
Abstract Biohydrogen production through dark fermentation is very attractive as a solution to help mitigate the effects of climate change, via cleaner bioenergy production.Dark fermentation is a process where organic substrates are converted into bioenergy, driven by a complex community of microorganisms of different functional guilds.Understanding
This article constitutes a historical account of the development of modern schooling, with a prime emphasis on the epistemological changes that took place in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth century.While earlier historians who focused on this same period presented a benevolent account of the growth of modern schooling, I adopt a more criti